Common Low-Fold Defects In Rails

Rails are usually divided into light steel rail and heavy steel rail. Low magnification defects of rails usually refer to metallurgical defects exposed in the whole section of rail specimens after acid corrosion through naked eyes (or low magnifying glass).

1. Hydrogen cracking. Hydrogen cracking refers to the appearance of a rail that appears in its section (usually on the head) after acid corrosion. This kind of spot is mostly white in its longitudinal section, so it is also called "white point". The white point is due to poor degassing during smelting or casting, and as the temperature decreases, the solubility of hydrogen in the steel becomes smaller and then precipitates into tiny pores.

2. Shrinkage holes. Shrinkage is a visible crack in the center of the waist or scattered in the waist after acid corrosion. It is caused by the insufficient length of the cutting head after the rail rolling, and it remains on the rail. When the smelting is not normal, the steel ingot or billet is condensed, and the shrinkage hole is too large to invade the body.

3. Subcutaneous air bubbles. Subcutaneous air bubbles refer to needle-like voids similar to ant nests in the area near the surface of the section after acid corrosion. This defect occurs mostly at a certain distance from the surface of the rail head and bottom.

4. Segregation. Segregation refers to the dark color segregation line appearing in the cross section of the rail after acid corrosion. The segregation line mainly has two forms, one is scattered segregation near the center line of the rail, and the other is mainly distributed in The center of the waist is called center segregation.

5. Texture. Texture refers to the dark stripes that appear on the quality control surface of the third section of the rail after acid corrosion. These streaks often appear in the head, leg or waist of the rail.

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